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With the introduction of new technologies in the industrial era, warfare—along with most other areas of life—went through a major change. During the American Civil War and World War I, advances in transportation, communication, and weaponry changed the way wars were fought. In the decades since World War I, warfare has continued to evolve. This title examines the history of modern warfare and how technology shapes war today, exploring
...Through the use of smart technology—an integrated network of computers and telecommunication devices that collect a large amount of data to facilitate machine learning and artificial intelligence—urban areas have the opportunity to optimize public services, improve infrastructure, and operate in a more environmentally friendly way. However, those who are skeptical of smart cities argue that the large amount of data that is collected
...The world population continues to grow, and sources of food that we have come to depend on are increasingly threatened by climate change. Some people fear that there may come a time when there simply will not be enough food to support the earth's human population. However, scientists have been hard at work developing new technologies and techniques to optimize food production and ensure that the food system will be sustainable for years to come.
...The concept of artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved greatly since the mid-twentieth century. This book examines the history of AI from early explorations to the latest technology. It also dives into the ethical questions surrounding AI, what AI might look like in the future, and ways in which AI can be used to improve human life. With text explaining the fundamentals of AI as well as current debates on the topic, teens will develop a strong
...7) Cyberattacks
The ubiquity of computers and smartphones has reshaped nearly every aspect of contemporary life, from how we communicate to how we shop. However, it has also provided a new avenue for criminal activity. Cyberattacks can take many forms, but in general they involve hackers gaining unauthorized access to computers or Internet networks in order to change, destroy, disable, or steal information. These attackers can be private individuals launching
...Consciousness is often regarded as a uniquely human characteristic. It includes emotion, cognition, perception, and self-awareness, and is considered both an essential and mysterious aspect of the human experience. However, some question whether consciousness could be programmed through the use of artificial intelligence. This volume examines what exactly consciousness, what is currently known about it from a neurological perspective, what mysteries
...Today, society exults those who "work on themselves" and commit to self-improvement through changing habits, either by breaking bad ones or making good ones. New Year's resolutions are a major tradition in American culture, and everywhere you look there are articles and social media influencers promising ways to help create healthy habits in diet and exercise, improve concentration, fix relationships, and boost mental health. The articles in this
...When people say they feel stressed out, what exactly do they mean? This volume looks at the topic of stress from physiological and psychological perspectives to explain what processes in the body and mind create this feeling of stress. It considers research on the negative impacts stress can have on the brain and the body over time, and explores some of the common causes of stress, including trauma. While research shows that chronic stress can
...Research suggests that almost every region of the brain is affected when you listen to music. It has a profound impact on emotional response, cognition, sensory experience, and motor function. This volume considers the role of brain anatomy and neuroscience in relation to music, music's role in social and emotional connection, and its potential to assist in treating brain injuries and neurological disorders. Through this volume, readers will gain
...Many of the laws of physics we take for granted do not apply outside the earth's atmosphere. Extraterrestrial physics tend to differ considerably from physics on Earth, and astrophysicists and other scientists who study space use experiments and theoretical research to try to better understand these differences. This volume helps explain the fascinating but complex concepts that make up the field of extraterrestrial physics, including quarks, dark
...In recent years, the medical and psychiatric community's understanding of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has evolved considerably. It is now recognized as a range of conditions that can cause social, behavioral, and communication difficulties, though it manifests differently from person to person. This title will help readers better understand the changing perspectives on what causes autism spectrum disorder, how it presents in different people,
...19) Extreme Animals
As a species, humans tend to view ourselves as the top of the natural order for our exceptional intelligence and emotional depth, but there are many other metrics for determining what makes a species remarkable. This volume looks at some of the world's strongest, fastest, and strangest animals and explains how they possess these extreme capabilities and characteristics. It also explains unusual animal behavior and considers other measures of intelligence
...20) Exploring Mars
Since the first Mars-bound probes were launched in the 1960s, the planet has intrigued scientists and the public alike due to its potential for human habitability. However, despite its many similarities to Earth, so far there has been no conclusive evidence that life has existed on Mars. Although no human has actually traveled to the planet, the scientific community has extensively studied its geology, climate, and history. This title examines
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